Tuesday, March 18, 2008
Wednesday, March 12, 2008
The Acadian Expulsion
Answer the following questions and follow the above link (or the handout from class) to help you answer them.
- How did the British gain control of Acadia?
- Why might Governor Phillips have made a verbal agreement with the Acadians and not have passed that information onto his associates?
- Why did the British begin to question the Acadians oath of allegiance?
- How was the expulsion of the Acadians part of Governor Lawrence’s long-term plan?
- Where did most of the Acadians settle after they were expelled?
Thursday, March 6, 2008
The Church in New France
Follow the link above and print off the notes given there. Then copy and complete the questions below. I'll see you on Monday.
- What is divine right and why would it be important in how the people viewed the authority of the King?
- Suggest three reasons as to why the Church had so much influence over the social and political aspects of New France?
- How did Bishop Laval and Marguerite Bourgeoys and the Ursuline nuns assist in the development of educational institutions for Quebec?
- Make a list of all the services provided by the Church in New France. Beside each service, list the government agency or outside organization that is responsible for that service today. You will find the government of Canada and government of Manitoba websites located in the References helpful in determining what government agencies are responsible for each of the different areas you have listed.
Wednesday, March 5, 2008
History 11...some questions to answer...
Answer the following questions. The websites you need to help you are the ones we've been taking notes from in the previous posts. Once you've finished these (or decide to do these for homework-due Monday by the way), complete the worksheets Mrs. B has for you.
Links are here: Champlain and New France.
Good luck.
- What was the reciprocal agreement between the fur traders and the French government?
- Why was the beaver pelt such a popular fur in the trade?
- Who were the coureurs de bois? Why might they be seen as a hindrance to the development of New France?
Tuesday, March 4, 2008
History today....
The link above will take you to the questions we will try to answer today. Copy the notes from Champlain and New France and answer the questions. Good luck.
Samuel de Champlain-notes for History
The following are notes taken from...
The Virtual Museum of New-France: Samuel de Champlain Annotated
tags: history
Champlain's mission was clear; it was to explore the country called New France, examine its waterways and then choose a site for a large trading factory.
Champlain sailed from Honfleur on the fifteenth of March, 1603, and prepared to follow the route that Jacques Cartier had opened up in 1535.
He then sailed up the St. Lawrence as far as Hochelaga (the site of Montreal.) Nothing was to be seen of the Amerindian people and village which Cartier had visited, and Sault St. Louis (the Lachine Rapids) still seemed impassable. However, Champlain learned from his guides that above the rapids there were three great lakes (Erie, Huron and Ontario) to be explored.
From 1604 to 1607, the search went on for a suitable permanent site for them. It led to the establishment of a short-lived settlement at Port Royal (Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia.)
The three years stay in Acadia allowed him plenty of time for exploration, description and map-making. He journeyed almost 1,500 kilometres along the Atlantic coast from Maine as far as southernmost Cape Cod.
In 1608, Champlain proposed a return to the valley of the St. Lawrence, specifically to Stadacona, which he called Quebec. In his opinion, nowhere else was so suitable for the fur trade and as a starting point from which to search for the elusive route to China
Champlain also explored the Iroquois River (now called the Richelieu), which led him on the fourteenth of July, 1609, to the lake which would later bear his name. Like the traders who had preceded him, he sided with the Hurons, Algonquins and Montaignais against the Iroquois. This intervention in local politics was ultimately responsible for the warlike relations that were to pit the Iroquois against the French for generations.
Even more important, he succeeded in penetrating beyond the Lachine Rapids, becoming the first European (apart from Étienne Brûlé) to start exploring the St. Lawrence and its tributaries as a route towards the interior of the continent. Champlain was so convinced that it was the route to the Orient that in 1612 he obtained a commission to "search for a free passage by which to reach the country called China." Like most of the explorers who followed after him, he could not carry out his mission without the support of the Amerindian population.
In the years that followed, he devoted all his efforts to founding a French colony in the St. Lawrence valley. The keystone of his project was the settlement at Quebec
When it capitulated to the English Kirke brothers in 1629, Champlain returned to France, where he lobbied incessantly for the cause of New France. He finally returned to Canada on the twenty-second of May, 1633. At the time of his death at Quebec on the twenty-fifth of December, 1635, there were one hundred and fifty French men and women living in the colony.
The Kirke brothers were privateers (licensed prirates working for the King of England). They sized the Tadoussac (upriver from Quebec) and cut the little settlement off. When supply ships were sent from France (not expecting the Kirkes) they sized the ships, supplies (including cannons) and 600 prisoners. They demanded Chaplain to surrender. He didn't and the Kirke brothers sailed back to England and left Quebec to starve. They returned the following summer and Champlain gave in. They took him as a prisoner back to England.
What's even more interesting is that four years later King Charles of England was short on cash and so in 1632 gave the colonies of Acadia and Quebec back to France for a lump sum payment. - post by racree
New France Notes for Today's History Class...(provided by diigo)
The following are clips from the below page regarding our study of...
tags: history
- After the trips made by Christopher Columbus in 1492, John CABOT in 1497 and the CORTE-REAL brothers in 1501 and 1502. In 1524 Giovanni VERRAZZANO followed the eastern shore of America from Florida to Newfoundland. Jacques CARTIER then made 3 voyages of discovery for France.
- Religion gave the impetus to his voyages, but economic motives were even more obvious. The hope of finding a NORTHWEST PASSAGE to the Indies and the fabled Kingdom of the Saguenay was constantly stressed.
- The settlement responded to economic demands: go out to the fur-rich areas, forge close contact with native suppliers and try to obtain the right of exploitation. The scale of the operation made it necessary to form private companies.
- The colony's administration, 1608-63, was entrusted to these commercial companies, which were formed by merchants from various cities of France.
- It did not achieve the desired results. In 1663 the population numbered scarcely 3000 people, 1175 of them Canadian-born. Less than 1% of the granted land was being exploited.
- Nor was evangelization among the natives flourishing. During its first half-century, New France experienced an explosion of missionary fervour, as demonstrated by the number and zeal of its apostles, inspired by the Catholic Counter-Reformation (see CATHOLICISM). In 1634 the Jesuits renewed the mission of STE MARIE AMONG THE HURONS in the western wilds. VILLE-MARIE, which became Montréal, was the work of mystics and the devoted. But the missionaries managed to convert very few Indians.
website didn't mention the religious activities
of the French? -
post by racree
- Various political and military events hindered colonization efforts. The alliances formed by Champlain made enemies of the Iroquois. Québec fell to the freebooting KIRKE brothers in 1629. The Iroquois nations grew belligerent as soon as the country was returned to France in 1632. Between 1648 and 1652 they destroyed HURONIA, a hub of French commercial and missionary activity. Attacks on the very heart of the colony demonstrated that the colony's survival was in doubt (see IROQUOIS WARS).
- ...the fur trade was opposed to agriculture, cross-cultural contact meant war and disease for the natives, the French population was small, and the administration of the colony by commercial exploiters was a disaster.
- Under Louis XIV New France flourished. He made the colony a province of France, giving it a similar hierarchical administrative organization. He watched over its settlement, extended its territory and allowed its enterprises to multiply. However, he had first to guarantee the peace.
- How do you suppose the King of France was going to do that? - post by racree
- Under the marquis de Tracy, the CARIGNAN-SALIÈRES REGIMENT built forts, ravaged Iroquois villages and demonstrated French military power. The Iroquois made peace, and 400 soldiers stayed in the colony as settlers. The king also had 850 young women sent out as brides-to-be, and quick marriages and families were encouraged
- ...colonial administration was entrusted to a GOUVERNEUR (for military matters and external relations) and an INTENDANT (for justice, civil administration and finances - ie, all civil aspects of colonial administration). The SOVEREIGN COUNCIL (Superior Council after 1703) acted as a court of appeal and registered the king's edicts.
- Intendant Jean TALON, with Colbert's solid backing and other favourable circumstances, started a vigorous development program. In addition to watching over agriculture and the fur trade, Talon began ventures such as shipbuilding, trade with the West Indies, commercial crops like flax and hemp, fishing industries and a brewery. But by the time he left in 1672, economic circumstances had changed and virtually nothing remained of these premature initiatives.
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